Estrategias de formulación de inoculantes microbianos como complemento para una agricultura más sostenible en el tiempo
No. 14 (13-02-2026)Autor/a(es/as)
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Wilson Gabriel Rodriguez EscuchaUniversidad INCCA de Colombia y Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)Identificador ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0723-3179
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Claudia Paola Manquillo HoyosUniversidad INNCA de Colombia (Colombia)Identificador ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1546-7933
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Lizeth Adriana Ballesteros GalindoUniversidad INNCA de Colombia (Colombia)Identificador ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1772-1645
Resumen
Los inoculantes microbianos constituyen alternativas sostenibles a los fertilizantes y pesticidas sintéticos, para disminuir la degradación de los suelos y fortalecer la productividad agrícola. El objetivo de esta revisión consistió en analizar las estrategias de formulación que permitan mantener la viabilidad y eficacia de microorganismos benéficos como bacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal (PGPR) y hongos, frente a condiciones ambientales adversas y en el marco de prácticas agrícolas sostenibles. La metodología consistió en un análisis sistemático de literatura científica publicada entre 1992 y 2025 a través del método PRISMA, y búsquedas en bases de datos especializadas (Web of Science, PubMed, NCBI y Google Scholar). Se seleccionaron artículos originales, revisiones científicas y documentos regulatorios, y se priorizaron estudios sobre formulación de inoculantes, carriers de estabilidad microbiana y regulación de bioinsumos agrícolas, categorizados por temáticas relacionadas. Entre los hallazgos más relevantes se destacan las técnicas de encapsulación y coencapsulación con metabolitos protectores, el empleo de carriers sólidos, líquidos y biopolímeros, y el desarrollo de consorcios microbianos que aumentan la estabilidad y funcionalidad de los bioinoculantes. Asimismo, se identificaron desafíos asociados a la interacción de los inoculantes con la microbiota nativa del suelo, las condiciones edafoclimáticas y la compatibilidad con insumos y prácticas agronómicas convencionales. En conclusión, este análisis permitió establecer que la eficacia de los inoculantes microbianos depende tanto de la selección de cepas eficientes, como de su adecuada formulación y aplicación en campo, factores determinantes para garantizar su estabilidad y desempeño. El artículo aporta una visión actualizada sobre las tendencias y desafíos en la formulación de inoculantes microbianos, al destacar su papel en la transición hacia una agricultura sostenible y resiliente en el tiempo.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Wilson Gabriel Rodriguez Escucha, Claudia Paola Manquillo Hoyos, Lizeth Adriana Ballesteros Galindo

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