Naturaleza y Sociedad. Desafíos Medioambientales

Nat. Soc.: Desafíos Medioambient. | eISSN 2805-8631

Intercambio gaseoso de especies agrícolas nativas de La Mojana ante el aumento de temperatura y de CO2

No. 7 (15-12-2023)
  • Anthony Ariza-González
    Universidad de Córdoba (Colombia)
    Identificador ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6772-9221
  • Alfredo Jarma-Orozco
    Universidad de Córdoba (Colombia)
    Identificador ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5821-2183
  • Enrique Combatt-Caballero
    Universidad de Córdoba (Colombia)
  • Juan Carlos Guzmán-Castro
    Universidad de Córdoba (Colombia)
    Identificador ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0611-1248
  • Luis Rodríguez-Páez
    Universidad de Córdoba (Colombia)
    Identificador ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1760-1852
  • Juan Jaraba-Navas
    Universidad de Córdoba (Colombia)
    Identificador ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-707X
  • Wilber Ramírez-Campo
    Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo, PNUD (Colombia)
    Identificador ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5419-0557
  • Diana Díaz-Rodríguez
    Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo, PNUD (Colombia)
    Identificador ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8974-7618
  • Nathalie Leal Gómez
    Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo, PNUD (Colombia)
    Identificador ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2492-0721
  • Yanira Jiménez-Campos
    Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo, PNUD (Colombia)
    Identificador ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1230-2917
https://doi.org/10.53010/nys7.04

Resumen

La mayoría de los expertos que estudian las tendencias de las variaciones del clima coinciden en que los niveles de la temperatura y del CO2 registran un aumento atípico y sostenido en los últimos años. El efecto se sentirá en todos los sectores de la economía mundial, pero en los sistemas productivos de los pequeños agricultores, dada su alta vulnerabilidad, podría tener especial impacto. Considerando que la mayoría de los estudios en esta área se realizan midiendo el efecto individual de algunas variables, en el presente trabajo se evaluó el efecto simulado que causarían niveles elevados de temperatura (28, 30 y 32 °C) y de concentraciones de CO2 (380 y 420 μmol mol-1) sobre aspectos fotosintéticos importantes de algunas especies nativas de los pequeños productores de La Mojana, Colombia (punto de saturación de luz [PSL], punto de compensación de luz [PCL], tasa de fotosíntesis neta máxima [ANmax] y tasa de respiración en oscuridad [Ro]). Las especies se agruparon como hortalizas (ahuyama criolla, berenjena criolla y fríjol caupí), transitorias (arroz chombo, arroz bogotano y arroz LV) y perennes (café, roble y cacao). Los resultados más relevantes indicaron que tanto en concentraciones normales como altas de CO2, la temperatura afectaría las principales respuestas fotosintéticas de las especies. Las respuestas fotosintéticas de las especies hortícolas, a excepción de la ahuyama, se verían afectadas si la temperatura subiera a 30 y 32 °C en cualquiera de los dos escenarios simulados de CO2 ambiental. El comportamiento de las tres variedades de arroz fue diferencial, y el arroz bogotano y el arroz LV fueron relativamente tolerantes a temperaturas altas en condiciones normales o aumentadas de CO2, pero el arroz chombo sería más sensible a las altas temperaturas. En el grupo de las especies perennes, el café y el cacao fueron más sensibles y se afectarían principalmente ante temperaturas elevadas, en tanto que el roble no se vería afectado por las temperaturas con las concentraciones actuales de CO2 ambiental.

Palabras clave: cambio climático, curvas de respuesta a la luz, fotosíntesis máxima, La Mojana colombiana, pequeños productores

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Derechos de autor 2023 Anthony Ariza-González, Alfredo Jarma-Orozco, Enrique Combatt-Caballero, Juan Carlos Guzmán-Castro, Luis Rodríguez-Páez, Juan Jaraba-Navas, Wilber Ramírez-Campo, Diana Díaz-Rodríguez, Nathalie Leal Gómez, Yanira Jiménez-Campos

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